Tim Valentine's Research Page

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Links are to Acrobat (pdf) files of the articles. A copy may be downloaded for personal educational use only. Acrobat reader is required to read these files. A copy can be downloaded from the Adobe website via this link: 

Davis, J. & Valentine, T. (in press). CCTV on trial: Matching video images with the defendant in the dock. Applied Cognitive Psychology. Download 959K pdf file.

Valentine, T. & Mesout, J. (in press). Eyewitness identification under stress in the London Dungeon. Applied Cognitive Psychology. Download 199K pdf file.

Angeli, A, Davidoff, J. and Valentine, T. (2008). Face familiarity, distinctiveness and categorical perception. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 690-707.

Powell, J., Letson, S., Davidoff, J., Valentine, T and Greenwood, R. (2008). Enhancement of face recognition learning in patients with brain injury using three cognitive training procedures. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18,182-203.

Darling, S., Valentine, T., and Memon, A. (2008). Selection of lineup foils in operational contexts Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 159-169.. Download 193K pdf file. Fig 1. Fig 2.

Valentine, T, Darling, S. & Memon, A. (2007). Do strict rules and moving images increase the reliability of sequential identification procedures? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 933-949. Download 311K pdf file.

Leslie, O., Young, S., Valentine, T. & Gudjonsson, G. (2007). Criminal barristers' opinions and perceptions of mental health expert witnesses. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 18, 394-410. Download 100K pdf file.

Stone, A. & Valentine, T. (2007a). The categorical structure of knowledge for famous people (and a novel application of the Centre-Sorround Theory) Cognition, 104, 535-564. Download 287K pdf file.

Stone, A. & Valentine, T. (2007b). Angry and happy faces perceived without awareness: A comparison with the affective impact of masked famous faces. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19, 161-186.

Davies, G. M. & Valentine, T. (2007). Facial composites: forensic utility and psychological research. In: R.C.L. Linsay, D.F. Ross, J.D. Read & M. P. Toglia Handbook of eyewitness psychology. Volume 2: Memory for people. Mahwah: LEA.(pp. 59-83) Download 371K pdf file.

Smith-Spark, J. H., Moore, V., Valentine, T., & Sherman, S. M. (2006). Stimulus generation, ratings, phoneme counts, and group classifications for 696 famous people by British adults aged over 40 years. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers 38, 590-597. Download 295K pdf file

Valentine, T., Darling, S., Memon, A. (2006). How can psychological science enhance the effectiveness of identification procedures? An international comparison. Public Interest Law Reporter, 11, 21-39. Download 271K pdf file.

Valentine, T. (2006). Forensic facial identifcation. In: Heaton-Armstrong, A., Shepherd, E., Gudjonsson, G. & Wolchover, D. (eds). Witness Testimony; Psychological, Investigative and Evidential Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Download 326K pdf file.

Valentine, T., & Darling, S. (2006). Competitor effects in naming objects and famous faces. European Journal of Cognitive Psycholog, 18, 686-707. Download 131K pdf file

Valentine, T., Powell, J., Davidoff, J., Letson, S. & Greenwood, R. (2006). Prevalence and correlates of face recognition impairments after acquired brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. 16, 292-297. Download 545K pdf file

Stone, A. & Valentine, T. (2005). Strength of visual percept generated by famous faces perceived without awareness: Effects of affective valence, response latency and visual field. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 548-564. Download 401K pdf file

Stone, A. & Valentine, T. (2005). Accuracy of familiarity decisions to famous faces perceived without awareness depends on attitude to the target person and response latency. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 351-376. Download 427K pdf file

Stone, A. & Valentine, T. (2005). Orientation of attention to non-consciously recognised famous faces. Cognition & Emotion, 19, 537-558. Download 379K pdf file.

Darling, S. & Valentine T. (2005). The categorical structure of semantic memory for famous people: A new approach using release from proactive interference. Cognition, 96, 35-65. Download 502K pdf file.

Stone, A. & Valentine, T. (2004). Better the Devil You Know? Non-conscious Processing of Identity and Affect of Famous Persons. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 469-474.  Download 133K pdf file.

Valentine, T., Darling, S. & Donnelly, M. (2004). Why are average faces attractive? The effect of view and averageness on the attractiveness of female faces. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 482-487.  Download 297K pdf file.

Moore, V., Smith-Spark, J. & Valentine, T. (2004). The effect of age of acquisition on object perception. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 16, 417-439.  Download 85K pdf file.

Stone, A. & Valentine, T. (2003). Perspectives on prosopagnosia and models of face recognition. Cortex, 39, 31-41. Download 125K pdf file.

Valentine, T., Pickering, A. & Darling, S. (2003). Characteristics of eyewitness identification that predict the outcome of real lineups. Applied Cognitive Psychology , 17, 969-993. Download 199K pdf file.

Valentine, T., Harris, N. Colom Piera, A. & Darling, S. (2003). Are police video indentifications fair to African-Caribbean suspects? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 459-476. Download 106K pdf file. Download unpublished data for individual lineups.

Stone, A. & Valentine, T. (2003). Understanding provoked overt recognition in prosopagnosia: a modification to Morrison, Bruce and Burton (2001) Visual Cognition, 10, 1- 6. Download 22K pdf file

Stone, A., Valentine, T. & Davies, R. (2001). Face recognition and emotional valence: processing without awareness by neurologically-intact participants does not simulate covert recognition in prosopagnosia. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioural Neuroscience, 1, 183-191. Download 88K pdf file

Valentine, T. (2001). Face-space models of face recognition. In: M.J. Wenger & J.T. Townsend (eds.) Computational, geometric, and process perspectives on facial cognition: Contexts and challenges. Mahwah: LEA (pp.83-113) Download 687K pdf file

Hollis, J. & Valentine, T. (2001). Proper name processing: Are proper names pure referencing expressions? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 27, 99-116.Download 139K pdf file

Davies, G. M. & Valentine, T. (1999). Codes of practice for identification. Expert Evidence, 7, 59-65. Download 20K pdf file

Valentine, T. & Heaton, P. (1999). An evaluation of the fairness of Police line-ups and video identifications. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, S59-S72. Download 55K pdf file

Valentine, T., Hollis, J. & Moore, V. (1999). The nominal competitor effect: When one name is better than two. Proceedings of the twenty-first annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Mahwah, LEA.  (pp. 749-754) Download 65Kpdf file

Moore, V & Valentine, T. (1999). The effects of age-of-acquisition in processing famous faces and names: Exploring the locus and proposing a mechanism.  Proceedings of the twenty-first annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah: LEA.  (pp. 416-421) Download 65K pdf file

Moore, V., Valentine, T. & Turner, J. (1999). Age-of-acquisition and cumulative frequency have independent effects. Cognition, 72, 305-309.

Newell, F. N., Chiroro, P. & Valentine, T. (1999). Recognising unfamiliar faces: The effects of distinctiveness and view. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 52A, 509-534.

Turner, J., Valentine, T. & Ellis, A. W. (1998). Contrasting effects of age of acquisition and word frequency on auditory and visual lexical decision. Memory and Cognition,  26, 1282-1291. Download pdf file from Psychomics Society website

Valentine, T., Hollis, J. & Moore, V. (1998). On the relationship between reading, listening and speaking: It's different for people's names. Memory and Cognition, 26, 740-753. Download pdf file from Psychomics Society website.

Moore, V & Valentine, T. (1998). The effect of age-of-acquisition on speed and accuracy of naming famous faces. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51A, 485-513.

Brédart, S. & Valentine, T. (1998). Descriptiveness and proper name retrieval. Memory, 6, 199-206.

Valentine, T.  (1998). Real faces and proper names: The psychology of recognising people. Inaugural lecture series. Goldsmiths College: New Cross, London.

Coxon, P & Valentine, T. (1997). The effects of the age of eyewitnesses on the accuracy of their testimony. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 11, 415-430. Download 194K pdf file

Valentine, T.  (1997). Regulation of the disposal of hazardous waste by the UK cement industry. In: Russell, N., Byron, H.,  Dixon, A. & Richardson, J. Technology, the environment and us. Proceedings of the sixth IRNES conference. London: Imperial College.

Brédart, S., Brennen, T. & Valentine, T. (1997). Is there a double dissociation between processing of proper names and common names? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14, 209-217.

Valentine, T., Brennen, T. & Brédart, S., (1996). The cognitive psychology of proper names. London: Routledge.

Valentine, T., (1995). Cognitive and computational aspects of face recognition: Explorations in face space.  London: Routledge.

Valentine, T., Chiroro, P. & Dixon, R. (1995). An account of the own-race bias and the contact hypothesis in terms of a face space model of face recognition. In: Valentine, T., (ed.) Cognitive and computational aspects of face recognition: Explorations in face space.  London: Routledge.

Valentine, T. & Moore, V. (1995). Naming faces: The effects of facial distinctiveness and surname frequency. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 849-878.

Chiroro, P. & Valentine, T. (1995).  An investigation of the contact hypothesis of the own-race bias in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 879-894.

Valentine, T., Moore, V. & Brédart, S. (1995). Priming production of people's names. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 513-535.

Brédart, S., Valentine, T., Calder, A. & Gassi, L. (1995). An interactive activation model of face naming. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48A, 466-486.

Diamond, B. J., Valentine, T., Mayes, A. R. & Sandel M. E. (1994). Evidence of covert recognition in a prosopagnosic patient. Cortex, 30, 377-393.

Valentine, T., Moore, V., Flude, B. M., Young, A. W. & Ellis, A. W. (1993). Repetition priming and proper name processing. Do common names and proper names prime each other? Memory, 1, 329-349.

Astley, S., Hutt, I. , Miller, P., Rose, P., Taylor, C., Boggis, C., Adamson,  S., Valentine, T., Davis, J. & Armstrong, J. (1993). Automation in mammography: computer vision and human perception. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 7, 1313-1338.

Brédart, S. & Valentine, T. (1992). From Monroe to Moreau: An analysis of face naming errors. Cognition, 45, 187-223.

Maylor, E. A. & Valentine, T.  (1992). Linear and non-linear effects of aging on categorizing and naming faces. Psychology and Aging, 7, 317-323.

Valentine, T. & Endo, M. (1992). Towards an exemplar model of face processing: The effects of race and distinctiveness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44A, 671-703.

Valentine, T. (1991). A unified account of the effects of distinctiveness, inversion and race in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43A, 161-204.

Valentine, T. (1991). Representation and process in face recognition. In: R. Watt (ed.) Pattern recognition by Man and Machine. (Vol. 14 in 'Vision and Visual Dysfunction' series edited by J. Cronly-Dillon) London: Macmillan Press.

Valentine, T., Brédart, S., Lawson, R. & Ward, G. (1991). What's in a name? Access to information from peoples' names. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 3, 147-176.

Papagno, C., Valentine, T. & Baddeley, A. (1991). Phonological short-term memory and foreign-language vocabulary learning. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 331-347.

Valentine, T. & Ferrara, A. (1991) Typicality in categorization, recognition and identification: Evidence from face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 82, 87-102.

Papagno, C., Baddeley, A. & Valentine, T. (1989). Memoria fonologica a breve termite e apprendimento verbale. Archivo di Psicologia Neurologia e Psichiatria, 50, 542-557. (Phonological short-term memory and verbal learning - English abstract.)

Valentine, T. (1988). Upside down faces: A review of the effect of inversion upon face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 79, 471-491.

Valentine, T. & Bruce, V. (1988) Mental rotation of faces. Memory and Cognition, 16, 556-566.

Bruce, V. & Valentine, T. (1988). When a nod's as good as a wink: The role of dynamic information in face recognition. In: Gruneberg, M. M., Morris, P. E. and Sykes, R. N. (eds.) Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues. Vol. 1. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Bruce, V., Valentine, T. & Baddeley, A. (1987). The basis of the three-quarters view advantage in face recognition. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 1, 109-120.

Valentine, T. & Bruce, V. (1986a) The effects of race, inversion and encoding activity upon face recognition. Acta Psychologica, 61, 259-273.

Valentine, T. & Bruce, V. (1986b). Recognizing familiar faces: The role of distinctiveness and familiarity. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 300-305.

Valentine, T. & Bruce, V. (1986c). The effects of distinctiveness in recognising and classifying faces. Perception, 15, 525-535.

Bruce, V. & Valentine, T. (1986). Semantic priming in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A, 125-150.

Valentine, T. & Bruce, V. (1985). What's up? The Margaret Thatcher illusion revisited. Perception, 14, 515-516.

Bruce, V. & Valentine, T. (1985). Identity priming in face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 76, 373-383.

Valentine, T. (1983). The measurement of frequency resolution in normal and hearing impaired listeners. ISVR Memorandum No 641. University of Southampton.